The over-representativeness index is a statistical measure used to assess the degree to which a particular group or category is disproportionately represented in a given sample or population. It takes into account both the size of the group and its representation in the sample, providing a more nuanced understanding of the group’s presence in the data. This index is often used in social science research to identify potential biases and inequalities in data collection and analysis. A higher over-representativeness index indicates a greater level of over-representation, while a lower index suggests a more balanced representation of the group.