Socio-demographic characteristics refer to the various social and demographic factors that shape an individual’s identity and influence their behavior and attitudes. These characteristics include factors such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, occupation, and marital status. They provide insight into an individual’s social and economic standing, as well as their cultural background and values. Understanding socio-demographic characteristics is crucial for businesses, governments, and organizations to effectively target and serve diverse populations. It also plays a significant role in shaping public policies and addressing social issues.