Vertical referencing is a method of measuring elevation or height by using a reference point or datum, typically the Earth’s surface or sea level. This technique is commonly used in cartography, surveying, and geodesy to accurately determine the vertical position of objects or features on a map or in the physical world. It involves measuring the difference in height between the reference point and the object or feature being referenced, taking into account factors such as curvature of the Earth and local variations in gravity. Vertical referencing is crucial in creating accurate and detailed maps, as well as in various engineering and construction projects. It allows for precise and consistent measurements of vertical distances, providing a reliable basis for understanding and navigating the three-dimensional world around us.